Author: John Campanini

Eco-Friendly Christmas Trees That Support Sustainability: 6 Options

Written by John Campanini on December 9, 2024. Posted in Blog.

There’s nothing like a real Christmas tree. Buying and decorating a real tree is a cherished holiday tradition passed down through generations for many families. Real Christmas trees emit a delightful pine scent that fills your home with the classic holiday aroma, adding to the holiday spirit. For those who had a real tree every year growing up, the sight and smell of one evokes nostalgia and great memories. Buying a real Christmas tree also supports local businesses and farmers, contributing to the local economy.

But for environmentally conscious people, choosing an eco-friendly Christmas tree is an option. For many people, making eco-friendly choices aligns with their values and beliefs. Eco-friendly trees offer numerous benefits, including reducing carbon emissions and your carbon footprint, conserving natural resources, and protecting wildlife habitats. Put another way, choosing an eco-friendly tree is a way to celebrate the holiday season responsibly and contribute to a more sustainable future.

Here are six eco-friendly options for this Christmas season:

Live Potted Trees: Choose a small, potted tree that you can plant outdoors after the holidays. This sustainable option adds greenery to your home and supports local nurseries.
Artificial Trees: A high-quality artificial tree can be reused for many years, reducing waste from disposable trees. Look for trees made from recycled materials or eco-friendly plastics.
Recycled Trees: Some companies offer Christmas trees made from recycled materials, such as plastic bottles or cardboard. These trees are a unique and sustainable option.
Rented Trees: Renting a real Christmas tree is a great way to enjoy the beauty of a natural tree without contributing to deforestation. After the holidays, the tree is returned to the farm to be replanted.
Houseplants: Decorate a small houseplant, such as a Norfolk Island pine or a rosemary bush, with lights and ornaments for a festive, sustainable centerpiece.
Minimalist Trees: To reduce your environmental impact, look for a smaller tree or a tree with fewer decorations. Focus on quality over quantity and choose sustainable decorations.

Many eco-friendly options, like live trees and recycled artificial trees, can be easily recycled or composted. In some communities, recycling programs for real Christmas trees often support community projects and charities.

Tips on Picking a Real Christmas Tree

For those of you who must have a real Christmas Tree, we’ve provided nine tips on buying one. Keep the following tips in mind, and you’ll come home with the best tree for you and your family:

Measure the space first. Before going shopping, measure the area where you will put the tree. That way, you won’t buy a tree that’s too big or too small.
Look for a fresh tree. You want a tree with fresh green needles firmly attached to the tree and has a pleasant piney smell.
Shake the tree. If too many needles fall off, the tree is too dry to buy.
Bend the branches. They should be flexible yet firm. The branches shouldn’t snap easily, either.
Look for a tree with a strong central leader. It’s the main vertical branch that runs up the tree’s center. You want it to be straight and strong.
Inspect the trunk for damage. The trunk should be straight and free of cracks and splits.
Cut the bottom of the tree. Ask the salesperson to cut the bottom of the tree before you leave. Cutting the bottom helps the tree take up water.
Place the tree in a stand filled with water. Keep the water level constant while you have the tree, and check it daily.
Place the tree in a safe location. Keep it away from heat sources in your house, like fireplaces and radiators, to prevent it from drying out too soon.

Keep these tips in mind when buying your Christmas tree. They’ll help you find the perfect tree for you. Ultimately, the best tree is the one that you like the best.

Top Christmas Tree Farms

For places to buy a freshly cut Christmas tree, check out the Rhode Island Christmas Tree Growers Association (RICTGA). It is an association of growers and retailers interested in promoting the Christmas Tree Industry. It lists Christmas tree growers in Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Connecticut.

You can also visit retail stores like Home Depot, Walmart, and Target. They also sell Christmas trees and carry a wide selection of artificial ones in various sizes and styles, making them a convenient option for those who prefer a prelit or hassle-free tree.

Enjoy the holidays!

Boost Your Trees’ Lifespan: Winterizing Secrets You Can Apply Now

Written by John Campanini on December 3, 2024. Posted in Blog.

New England winters are often hard on trees. How well trees survive a winter depends on factors like geographic location, weather conditions, tree species, and tree health. Some tree species, for example, are more susceptible to winter damage than others. Signs of winter damage include sunscald, winter desiccation, frost cracks, branch breakage, root damage, and pest and disease infestation. You can take steps now, however, to reduce these threats.

Winterizing trees protects them from extreme temperatures, wind damage, diseases, and pests. This protection, in turn, helps trees survive winter and supports recovery and stability. More importantly, it sets the stage for vigorous spring growth. The bottom line: Winterizing your trees helps ensure their short-term and long-term survival. Properly watering, pruning, and mulching are critical steps when winterizing trees.

Watering

Water is essential for trees to survive, regardless of the season. A tree’s watering needs depend on the species, climate, and soil conditions. Deep watering is ideal. Aim to soak the soil deep enough to reach the root zone. That’s generally about 12-18 inches (30-46 cm) deep. Water slowly. You want the water to penetrate rather than runoff. Avoid over-watering.

How do you know when to water? Water young trees so you always keep the soil moist. Use a soil probe or your finer to check the moisture level. Water the tree if the top couple of inches of soil are dry. Gentle watering at this time can help thaw the soil and prevent root damage.) If the ground is frozen, watering ensures moisture in the soil. Applying mulch enhances the watering process.

Mulching

Mulching is another critical winterizing activity. It protects the trees from extreme temperatures, conserves moisture, and suppresses weeds. Fall is an excellent time to mulch r. Doing so protects roots from winter’s cold and helps retain the soil’s moisture.

You can also mulch during the early spring, especially if the mulch has been washed away over the winter. How you apply the mulch is critical. Consider the tree species beforehand. Some species require more mulch than others.

Remove any weeds growing around the tree before applying mulch. Keep it away from the tree trunk, which can lead to rot. Spread the mulch evenly around the tree’s base. Also, check for pests as you spread the mulch, which can sometimes harbor pests like voles, ants, mice, slugs, and snails.

Pruning in the Winter

Winter is a great time to prune trees. Most deciduous trees, such as maples, oaks, and elms, can be pruned in the winter. It’s a good idea to prune trees with dormant buds. Pruning fruit trees in the winter also works. It can help to maintain their shape, increase fruit production, and rejuvenate older trees. Like pines and spruces, evergreens are another tree species you can prune in the winter. Prune these trees lightly. Heavy pruning can hurt a tree.

Here are some wintertime pruning tips:

• Don’t prune when it’s freezing.
• Remove dead or damaged wood.
• Thin out dense canopies.
• Shape the tree appropriately.

Think about a tree’s species when pruning. A tree’s pruning needs depend on its species, age, or overall health. Review our other pruning blog posts on this site.

New England winters can be brutal on trees. How well they survive depends on several factors, including their species. You can boost the chances of trees surviving the winter by winterizing them. Properly watering, mulching, and pruning trees can protect trees and help them combat the season’s threats. Use our guidelines to help winterize your trees. If you’re not clear on how to do that, talk with a local arborist or the experts at RITree for personalized advice on winter tree care for trees.

How to Prevent Fungal Diseases in Your Plants: 5 Tips

Written by John Campanini on August 5, 2024. Posted in Tree Care.

Fungal diseases can devastate trees and plants. They can cause cankers, leaf diseases, and root rot. Factors affecting the impact of fungal diseases include tree and plant health, environmental conditions, and the type of fungal species.

Different fungal species have varying levels of aggressiveness and target specific parts of a tree. Pruning infected branches or removing infected leaves can help contain the spread of these diseases, but eliminating these diseases is still a challenge.

Prevention is the best way to eliminate fungal diseases. Choose plant and tree varieties resistant to common fungal diseases in your region. Below are some additional measures to help prevent fungal diseases from attacking your plants.

Use proper planting techniques: Spacing is critical for fungal diseases. It allows for good air circulation and prevents overcrowding, which can favor fungal growth by creating a humid environment.
Watering practices: Water deeply and infrequently, aiming for the base of the plant or tree rather than overhead watering.
Mulching: Spreading a layer of mulch around the base of your plants and trees will help you retain moisture in the soil, which is critical. Mulch also prevents excessive dampness near the stem, creating a less hospitable environment for fungi.
Sanitation is critical in preventing the spread of fungal diseases. Remove and dispose of diseased plant material promptly. Also, clean and disinfect pruning tools regularly to prevent the spreading of fungal diseases between plants.
Promote plant health: Use balanced fertilization to give your trees and plants the nutrients to thrive. Healthy plants are more resilient and better able to resist fungal infections.
The five steps above can help create a healthier and more hospitable environment for plants and trees while preventing fungal diseases. By learning about these diseases, taking the proper countermeasures, and treating the diseases when they first appear, you can significantly lessen a fungi’s impact.

7 Steps You Need to Take Now to Prevent Fungal Diseases from Devastating Your Plants and Trees

Written by John Campanini on July 29, 2024. Posted in Blog.

By: John Campanini, Technical Director, RITree

Fungal diseases pose significant threats to trees (and plants). These diseases can damage trees, ranging from slight blemishes to complete tree death. Woody decay, for example, the most common impact of fungal diseases in trees, weakens tree structure and reduces stability. Fungal diseases also cause cankers, leaf diseases, and root rot in trees and plants. Factors affecting the impact of fungal diseases include tree and plant health, environmental conditions, and type of fungal species.

Fungal diseases contribute greatly to tree mortality in forests and urban landscapes. Hot, humid weather helps generate these diseases. Different fungal species have varying levels of aggressiveness and target specific parts of a tree, so each fungal disease must be treated differently. Pruning infected branches or removing infected leaves can help contain the spread but eliminating these diseases completely is still a challenge.

Fungal Diseases Emerging Locally

A rash of fungal diseases caused by wet spring and recent high humidity is now appearing in our area. Monitor vulnerable plants for the following disease symptoms:

Flowering Dogwood Anthracnose and Powdery Mildew—Disease symptoms appear as purple to brown circular spots on leaves, the latter as a white coating over leaves. Treat with fungicide for best results. See photo below.

• Prunus, Malus, and Crataegus species— Fire blight on these plants results in sudden wilting, browning, and the death of leaves and shoots caused by a bacterium. There’s no cure for this fungus. Remove and dispose of dead plant parts. See photo below.

• Needle Blight on Spruce—Discoloring (yellow to tan to brown) and dropping of needles. Symptoms start at the bottom of a tree and proceed upwards. Drought stress is a major disease causal factor. See photo below.

Other fungal diseases popular in this region are Dutch Elm disease, Cedar Apple Rust, Apple Scab, Anthracnose, and Rhizosphaera Needle Cast. Treatment measures for fungal diseases include fungicides (as a last resort), cultural controls depending on tree species and plants, and biological controls like other fungi and bacteria.

Steps to Eliminating Fungal Diseases
Prevention is the best way to eliminate fungal diseases. So, choose plant and tree varieties known to be resistant to common fungal diseases in your region. These include Eastern Redbud, Serviceberry, Inkberry, American Holly, Red oak, Black Gum, and Sugar Maple. However, even these plants can contract fungal disease under the right conditions. Stress factors like drought, nutrient deficiencies, or insect damage can weaken plants and make them more vulnerable to fungal infections.
Below are some additional measures to help prevent fungal diseases from attacking your plants.
• Use proper planting techniques: Spacing is critical for fungal diseases. It allows for good air circulation and prevents overcrowding, which can favor fungal growth by creating
• a humid environment. Also, plant trees in suitable locations with appropriate sun and drainage.
• Watering practices: Water deeply and infrequently, aiming for the base of the plant or tree rather than overhead watering. This approach reduces moisture on leaves and stems while discouraging fungal growth.
• Mulching: This is a highly effective countermeasure for preventing fungal diseases. Spreading a layer of mulch around the base of your plants and trees will help you retain moisture in the soil, which is critical. Mulch also prevents excessive dampness near the stem, creating a less hospitable environment for fungi. Use a “breathable” mulch like shredded bark or wood chips as a medium for best results.
• Sanitation is key in preventing the spread of fungal diseases. Remove and dispose of diseased plant material promptly. Don’t compost diseased plant parts, as this can spread the spores. Also, clean and disinfect pruning tools regularly to prevent the spreading of fungal diseases between plants.
• Promote plant health: Ensure your plants and trees are healthy by giving them the nutrients they need through balanced fertilization. Healthy plants are more resilient and better able to resist fungal infections.
By following the steps provided above, you can create a healthier and more hospitable environment for your plants and trees.

Lessening the Impact of Fungal Diseases

Fungal diseases pose a real threat to trees and plants. They’re also a challenge to eliminate. Early detection also helps. By learning about fungal diseases, taking the proper countermeasures, and treating the diseases when they first appear, you can significantly lessen the impact of fungi on your trees and plants. Also, report suspicious symptoms you see to local authorities. If you need more help dealing with fungal diseases, talk with the experts at RI Tree. We’ll help you develop a strategy that works for you.

Cultivating Bonsai Trees: 8 Proven Tips to Help You Start this Fascinating Hobby

Written by John Campanini on July 3, 2024. Posted in Article.

by John Campanini, Technical Director, RITree Council

Have you ever thought about growing a bonsai tree? If you have, you’re not alone. Growing bonsai trees is a fascinating and rewarding hobby anyone can learn. They combine the beauty of nature with the art of cultivation. While we’ll probably never know the date of the first bonsai tree, it has a rich history dating back over two millennia in China, with Japan shaping the art form into what we know today, starting around the 11th century.

Bonsai’s growing popularity extends to New England, which has at least one well-respected nursery, New England Bonsai Gardens. Another source is Bonsai Outlet, which is headquartered in Massachusetts and serves the entire United States. It’s a trusted online source for Bonsai trees and supplies. Bonsai trees can live for centuries with proper care, making them heirlooms that can be passed from generation to generation. Studies suggest that interacting with plants can lower blood pressure and enhance mood.

This blog post talks about the essential steps to growing your Bonsai tree, from selecting the perfect tree to mastering the art of pruning and shaping.

Benefits of Bonsai Trees

Bonsai trees offer numerous benefits—from beautifying your home to fostering a sense of calm and more. Below, we list some of these benefits:

Reduces stress/Increases mindfulness
Improves air quality
Saves space
Focuses on long-term cultivation
Serves as a creative outlet
Provides a sense of accomplishment

Bonsai trees offer something other trees don’t. Put simply, they combine aesthetic appeal, stress reduction, and a connection to nature in one package. This combination makes them a highly rewarding addition to your home or hobby.

Tips on Growing Bonsai Tips

Growing bonsai trees can be challenging. It takes time and patience to shape the tree to your vision. But if you dedicate yourself to the project, you can develop a beautiful and robust tree. The tips below can help you start on the right foot.

Choose the right tree—If you plan to keep the tree indoors, select a species that thrives there. Ficus, juniper, and Schefflera are good choices for Bonsai trees. Consider the tree’s mature size, and then choose a pot accordingly. If you’re more interested in an outdoor tree, it’s best to choose one native to where you live.
Lighting—Bonsai trees need ample indirect sunlight. A lack of sunlight can cause weak foliage and other tree problems. These trees need 5 to 6 hours of sunlight, whether indoors or outdoors. South-facing windows are ideal in the Northern Hemisphere. Avoid harsh afternoon sun.
Watering—Bonsai trees come in small pots, so they dry up quickly. Water your bonsai trees deeply when the soil feels dry to the touch. But be careful. Overwatering can lead to root rot. Avoid letting the tree dry out completely.
Soil—Use a well-draining bonsai soil mix that allows for good aeration and prevents root rot. You can find pre-mixed bonsai soil at most gardening stores. Pumice mixed with organic mulches can make a good mix for young trees. A suitable mixture for most trees is Akadama, pumice, and lava rock in a 1:1:1 ratio.
Fertilizing—Bonsai trees need fertilizer during the growing season (spring and summer) but sparingly. Use a balanced bonsai fertilizer according to the package instructions. You can use solid or liquid fertilizer. The brand and type of fertilizer won’t make a difference. Just remember to apply smaller quantities than with regular plants.

Pruning—Regular pruning is essential for maintaining the size and shape of your bonsai. Prune leaves and branches throughout the growing season. Research proper pruning techniques for your specific species. You can start pruning bonsai trees as early as one to two years old after sprouting seeds or cuttings.
Repotting—Repot your bonsai every 2-3 years or when the roots become pot-bound. Use a slightly larger pot with fresh bonsai soil mix. Also, place a layer of soil in the pot before positioning. Remove the plant carefully from the pot. Use a rook hook or chopsticks to start untangling the roots, removing any excess soil as you repot.
Wiring—You can use aluminum or copper wire to shape the branches of your bonsai tree. However, wiring should be done carefully to avoid damaging the bark. If you intend to wire the whole tree, work from the trunk to the branches. Then, start wiring the second branches. A rule of thumb is to use wires that are about 1/3 of the thickness of the branch you are wiring.

Bonsai trees provide beauty, tranquility, and a connection to nature. A rewarding experience growing bonsai trees can seem challenging at first. But with patience, dedication, and the tips described above, you can cultivate a tree that transforms your space for years.

Soil Testing: A Practical Guide to Ensure Your Trees Thrive

Written by John Campanini on June 17, 2024. Posted in Tree Care.

Soil testing, a crucial step before tree planting, offers many benefits. It pinpoints nutrient deficiencies, reduces resource wastage, and reveals your soil’s pH level and nutrient needs, among other things. This knowledge is key to ensuring your tree or trees thrive. The optimal time for soil testing is a few weeks before planting.

You can test the soil with a home testing kit, readily available at garden centers and big box stores. Or, you can go to a soil testing lab like the University of Rhode Island’s Cooperative Extension. You can also go to private companies that offer soil testing services.
Tips on Soil Testing Yourself
Below is a step-by-step breakdown of how to test your soil:

Gather your tools—You’ll need a clean trowel or spade, a bucket, and a permanent marker. Wear gloves for ease of handling soil, and use a stainless steel or chrome-plated soil probe. Brass, bronze, or galvanized tools can contaminate samples with copper or zinc.
Choose the testing method—Decide whether you’ll use a home test kit (faster but less accurate) or send a sample to a lab (more precise but takes longer).
Target planting area—Collect samples from where you plan to plant your tree.
Sample depth—Aim for 6-12 inches deep, where tree roots will establish. (If you’re testing soil for lawns, go 3 inches down.)
Multiple samples—Take 10-15 samples in a zig-zag pattern to get a good representation of the area. Avoid areas with obvious signs of contamination or recent fertilization.
Mix it up—In your clean bucket, combine all the collected soil samples and mix them thoroughly. Remove any large rocks or other non-soil particles from the soil.
Sample amount—Depending on your chosen testing method, take the recommended amount of the composite sample (usually 1-2 cups) for testing. Label the container with your name, collection date, and intended planting area.
Soil testing is a valuable tool that can help ensure your tree’s success. If you’re unsure about the process contact RI Tree. Our experts can provide the guidance and support you need to test your soil successfully.

Four Ways to Maximize Urban Forestry in Your Area and Combat Air Pollution

Written by John Campanini on May 20, 2024. Posted in Blog.

Air pollution concerns cities and towns everywhere, including Rhode Island and nearby Massachusetts. Providence, for example, maintained an A grade for short-term spikes in particle pollution last year, indicating no unhealthy days. However, the city still ranks as one of the most polluted counties in the area for year-round particle pollution, though with a slight improvement over last year.

Urban areas often bear the brunt of air pollution, says a study by Nature Research. It found that city dwellers can experience those in cleaner cities. This high level of air pollution is an environmental issue and a significant healthcare concern. The State of Global Air reports that air pollution contributes to an estimated 7 million premature deaths annually, underscoring the gravity of the situation.

This article reviews the main types of pollution in cities and towns, explains how urban forestry combats air pollution, and provides tips on maximizing the effects of this process.

What is Urban Forestry?

Urban forestry—the practice of planting, caring for, and managing trees in cities and towns— combats pollution and climate change. Scattered around in parks, lining streets, or growing in backyards, these trees all form a hidden forest—the urban forest. It maximizes the benefits trees provide as the green infrastructure for cities and towns, like cooler temperatures, improved stormwater management, and less air pollution.

The two primary culprits of air pollution when it comes to cities and towns are:

Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5): These tiny particles come from vehicle emissions, power plants, and industrial processes. They can penetrate the lungs and bloodstream and cause significant health problems.
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2): Traffic is a significant source of NO2, which can irritate the airways and worsen asthma.

Urban forestry involves arborists, city planners, researchers, and community activists. They work together to plant new trees, maintain existing ones, advocate for tree preservation, and research the best ways to manage urban forests. Non-profit organizations, like the Rhode Island Tree Council, are also involved in urban forestry, providing educational programs and practical tips on planting and maintaining trees in the state’s urban forests.

Maximizing the Effects of Urban Forestry

How do you maximize the effects of urban forestry? Planting and protecting trees is critical to the maximization process. It’s also a simple yet powerful way to improve air quality. You might even call trees superheroes in combating pollution. If everyone works together, we can boost the effects of urban forestry in our local communities.

Here are some ways you can maximize the effects of urban forestry in your community:

Plant the Right Trees

Diversity is vital when it comes to planting trees and maximizing urban forestry. Plant a diverse range of tree species native to the region. Some trees native to Rhode Island include red maple, white oak, Eastern white pine, pitch pine, swamp white oak, and American Beech.

This approach creates a more resilient urban forest less susceptible to disease and pests. Before planting a tree, consider its mature size, root system, and light needs. This ensures healthy growth and avoids future problems with power lines, sidewalks, or buildings.

Taking Care of Existing Trees:

Proper maintenance is critical when caring for existing trees. Schedule regular pruning and trimming activities to promote healthy growth and avoid hazards. Water newly planted trees regularly, especially during dry periods. (Established trees may need occasional deep watering during droughts.) Put mulch around the trunk to protect the tree’s base from compaction and promote healthy root growth.

Community Involvement:

Conducting tree inventories, even if just a partial one in your neighborhood, is an excellent way to get involved in urban forestry. This data helps identify areas that would benefit most from new trees. You can also volunteer for planting and tree care activities. This effort extends a helping hand and can make a huge difference. Plus, you can advocate for urban forestry by supporting policies that promote tree planting and protection in your city.

Spreading the Word:

Educating others on the benefits of trees, such as we do here at RI Tree, isa fourth way you can help maximize urban forestry in your community. You can also donate money or volunteer your time to organizations dedicated to urban forestry. Joining and participating in our activities is a great way to raise awareness about the benefits of urban forestry and encourage others to get involved.

By working together, communities can maximize urban forestry’s positive effects and create healthier, more sustainable cities. That, in turn, can help eliminate air pollution in Rhode Island’s cities and towns.

Planting Fruit Trees in Backyard is Safe, Reliable, and Fun: 7 Tips

Written by John Campanini on May 6, 2024. Posted in Blog, Tree Care.

Have you considered planting a fruit tree in your backyard? Fruit trees not only provide delicious homegrown fruit but also offer numerous benefits. The right fruit tree can transform your backyard, provide shade in the summer, contribute to a healthier environment, and aid in the fight against climate change. They can also serve as a haven for wildlife, reduce grocery bills, and attract pollinators like bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds.

But fruit trees have their challenges. Different fruit trees have different needs for sunlight, chill hours (winter temperatures), and soil types. They also need plenty of sunlight, good air circulation, and well-drained soil. Plus, they are susceptible to insects, diseases, and hungry animals, and take years to mature and produce a good harvest. So, caring for fruit trees is imperative. Patience is also crucial.

Below are seven tips on planting fruit trees to help you beat fruit tree challenges. You can also consult the experts at RI Tree or take its fruit tree course.

· Location, location, location

Planting the right fruit tree in the right spot is critical. Take advantage of the USDA’s Hardiness Zone Map to select trees that will flourish in your climate. You can find your hardiness zone by entering your zip code at the USDA website

· Test your soil.

Your soil’s pH is critical. Knowing your soil pH can tell you if you need to enrich the soil before planting. Fruit trees prefer slightly acidic soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Test your soil well before planting in the late summer or fall. That gives you time to amend the soil based on the test results.

· Pick the right spot

Fruit trees need plenty of sunlight, good air circulation, and well-drained soil. So, pick a spot in your yard to plant a tree or trees that provide these conditions. Consider the mature size of the tree you’re planting and give it ample room to grow without crowding structures, power lines, or other plantings.

Protect trees from pests and diseases

You may need to protect your tree or trees throughout the year from insects, diseases, and hungry animals. See our blog post and information on our website on this subject. Research fruit tree varieties known for disease resistance in your region, use organic pest control methods and encourage beneficial insects.

Plant at the right time of year

The best time to plant fruit trees is late winter or early spring. Also, dig a proper hole when you plant a tree. It should be 2-3 times wider than the tree root ball and just as deep. And plant at the correct depth. Locate the root flare (where the trunk widens at the base) and plant the tree so the flare is slightly above the soil line. Avoid burying the trunk.

Water correctly

Fruit trees prefer deep soakings that encourage roots to grow deep down, searching for moisture. Water your newly planted tree deeply and regularly, especially during the first year. Aim to deliver 2 inches of water at a time, allowing the top few inches of soil to dry out slightly between watering. Water at the tree’s base and use mulch to retain moisture.

Prune for growth

Pruning young fruit trees will help them develop a strong structure and produce more fruit. Prune during dormancy, remove unwanted branches, open up the center, shorten vigorous branches, and cut branches just above a bud that faces outward in the direction you want new growth to develop. Angled cuts heal better.

One last tip: Different fruit trees have different pruning requirements, so you need to prune for your specific tree or trees. Research your tree’s needs to ensure proper pruning techniques for optimal fruit production. Proper pruning will boost your fruit harvest and contribute to the tree’s overall health and lifespan.

RI Tree’s Fruit Tree Course

Fruit trees can transform an outdoor space and deliver numerous benefits. RI Tree’s course on growing fruit trees in your backyard is safe, reliable, and fun. The course is for busy people who want to grow apples, peaches, and pears but have never had the time to learn how. Our novel approach is light on bookwork and heavy on skill-building and personal instruction.

For more information on RITree’s Growing Fruit tree course, see the RITree website. All classes will be held at RITree’s orchard training facility at 2953 Hartford Ave in Johnston, RI. Each session will be 2 hours long starting at 10:30 am. Class size will be limited to 15 persons.

Using Natural Methods to Prevent Tree Diseases Protects People, Pets, and the Environment

Written by John Campanini on April 23, 2024. Posted in Blog.

Trees are susceptible to diseases that can stunt their growth, ruin their appearance, and even lead to their demise. But using pesticides and fungicides on plants creates risks that can impact people’s health, their pets, the environment, and even the plants themselves. Water contamination, soil damage, and phytotoxicity are three examples of risks that pesticides and fungicides pose.

Fortunately, numerous natural methods exist that you can use to bolster your tree’s defenses and create a thriving, disease-resistant plant or tree. Natural methods can prevent and control plant diseases without chemicals. These methods include promoting good tree health, using natural sprays and treatments, selecting and planting trees, and monitoring and early detection.

Below, we discuss the benefits of using natural methods for plant disease prevention, provide ideas for preventing plant diseases, and review several natural methods for keeping plants healthy and vibrant

Benefits of Natural Methods

There are numerous benefits to using natural methods to prevent plant diseases compared to conventional pesticides and fungicides. These include:

Safer for the environment: Natural methods typically rely on organic materials and avoid harsh chemicals. They can protect beneficial insects, pollinators, and wildlife in your garden.
Better for people and pets: Many conventional pesticides can harm you and your pets if not handled properly. Natural methods generally pose less of a health risk.
Reduced risk of resistance: Over time, overuse of conventional pesticides can lead to pests and diseases developing resistance. Natural methods help avoid this problem.
Promotes a healthy ecosystem: By encouraging beneficial insects and microbes in your garden, natural methods create a more balanced ecosystem that can help regulate pest populations naturally.
Cost-Effective: Many natural methods utilize readily available materials or require minimal investment, making them a budget-friendly option for treating plants.

If you’re a gardener, natural disease prevention methods can help you maintain a healthy, certified organic garden.

Natural methods, however, come with drawbacks. For example, they can take time to implement. The long-term benefits of using natural methods, however, far outweigh their drawbacks.

Examples of Natural Methods

Using natural methods to prevent tree diseases is as effective as using them in gardens. Let’s take a look at some of these methods:

Make sure you have the right tree in the right place. Choose trees suited to your climate and soil conditions. Stressed trees are more vulnerable to disease.

Water your trees deeply and infrequently. Allow the soil to dry slightly between watering. But be careful when watering plants and trees. Overwatering can encourage root rot.

Prune regularly to help trees grow. Remove diseased branches, improve air circulation, and encourage healthy growth. Spreading organic mulch around a tree’s base retains moisture, suppresses weeds, and regulates soil temperature.

Natural spray treatments are just as effective as conventional methods. Neem oil, for example, works well against various fungal diseases and insect pests that can harm trees. Introducing natural predators, like ladybugs, lacewings, and predatory mites, in your yard is also effective.

Tree selection and planting are also critical. When planting new trees, opt for varieties known for their resistance to common diseases in your area. Local nurseries can advise you. Planting various tree species helps create a more balanced ecosystem less susceptible to widespread disease outbreaks.

You should also regularly inspect your trees for signs of disease. Early detection is critical to successful disease treatment. Typical signs of disease include discolored leaves, tree wilting, or unusual growths. Amending the soil around your tree with compost or other organic matter can improve tree health and disease resistance.

Trees themselves have built-in defense mechanisms against diseases. They can produce chemical compounds that deter insects and fungi or compartmentalize infected areas to prevent the spread of disease.

Prevention is Critical to Tree Health

Preventing diseases in trees is critical to having robust, healthy trees. But your plants may contract diseases despite your best efforts. Natural methods of treating diseases protect people, pets, and the environment. The methods include promoting good tree health, using natural sprays and treatments, selecting and planting suitable trees, and monitoring and early detection. Natural methods can help you keep trees healthy and resistant.

Treating plant diseases, however, can be challenging. Some diseases can resist your best efforts despite much work and cost, no matter how you treat them, which can frustrate you. If you’re getting nowhere treating a diseased plant, contact RI Tree. Our experts can help you diagnose plant diseases and recommend the best way to treat them effectively. They’ll also help you create a plan to care for your plants or trees.

Selecting the Right Tree for Your Soil Spurs Plant Growth, Health and Maintenance

Written by John Campanini on January 29, 2024. Posted in Blog.

Matching the right tree to the right soil provides numerous benefits. Matching grows strong, healthy trees by delivering nutrients, drainage, and aeration to the plant, boosting disease resistance, and reducing maintenance needs—all while promoting a harmonious, nurturing ecosystem. Plus, it increases your property’s value. A mature, healthy tree adds anywhere from 3 to 15 percent to your home’s value.

But matching the right tree to the right soil is dicey. So, you need to get it right for the best results. Choosing the wrong soil, on the other hand, stunts a tree’s growth, deprives it of essential nutrients, leaves it susceptible to diseases, and even causes death.

Specific challenges to choosing the suitable soil include:

Diverse soil types and tree needs
Generating an accurate assessment
Limited information about specific trees
Modifying existing soil
Monitoring to ensure trees continue health

By understanding these challenges and then overcoming them, you can boost your chances of making a successful tree-soil match that nurtures a thriving, healthy tree for years to come. Consulting technicians at the Rhode Island Tree Council can help as well beat the challenges described above.

Two Critical Steps to Tree-Soil Matching

There are two critical steps to match a tree to the soil. The first is understanding your soil. Start by consulting the USDA’s Plant Hardiness Zone Map, which is divided into 12 zones. Each zone reflects the area’s average minimum temperatures during the winter in that area. Zone 1 is the coldest, while Zone 12 is the warmest. A powerful tool for growers, the map tells you which trees thrive in your climate.

While most of Rhode Island falls within the plant hardiness of Zone 6a, the state’s complete hardiness zone extends from 5b to 7a. This area averages annual minimum temperatures ranging from -10°F to 5°F. The results reflect the state’s coastal location with its northern and western regions being cooler than its southern and eastern areas. Our blog post on the Plant Hardiness map tells you how to use the map to the best advantage.

Test Soil to Determine Key Factors

The second step in the matching process is testing your soil. This step reveals your soil’s pH, nutrient levels, and drainage—all critical factors for tree growth. Home improvement stores, like Home Depot or Lowes, often sell test kits for this purpose so you can test the soil yourself. Or, you can mail soil samples to a professional lab for a more detailed analysis.

The University of Rhode Island’s Soil Testing service, for example, is free through its Master Gardner program. You provide the school’s lab with a sample of your soil. It will test its pH (acidity/alkalinity), evaluate its texture and content, and recommend what actions to take to improve your soil’s pH and health.

The booklet “Soils of Rhode Island Landscapes” by William R. Wright and Edward Sautter provides more information on Rhode Island soils. The booklet’s goal is to arouse public interest in soils and make people aware of this valuable natural resource. As the name implies, this 62-page booklet provides an in-depth look at Rhode Island soils.

Research on Tree-Soil Compatibility

Studies by scientists offer valuable insights into the relationship between trees and soil. One five-year study by the Morton Arboretum in Lisle, IL, for example, targets the impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil quality and tree growth. That study shows that soil compost and mulch have a significant impact on soil quality, but the benefits take three years to kick in.

Here are some additional findings tree-soil compatibility research provides:

Some tree species prefer specific soil characteristics like drainage, pH, nutrient content, and texture. For example, oaks thrive in well-drained sandy soils, while maples prefer slightly acidic soils with good moisture retention.

Certain trees have deep root systems that can access water and nutrients from lower soil layers, while others have shallow roots that rely on surface moisture. Matching root systems to suitable soil depths boosts water and nutrient uptake.

Adding organic matter like compost can improve drainage and nutrient availability in clay soils, but adding sulfur can adjust the pH for more acid-loving trees. But you need to consider these actions’ long-term impacts and cost-effectiveness.
Rainfall patterns, temperature fluctuations, and local topography can affect soil moisture and nutrient cycling. That, in turn, impacts tree suitability. Matching trees to local conditions and a site’s microclimates boost plant health.
Long-term monitoring after planting trees in new soil proves significant. Monitoring growth, survival rates, and potential disease or nutrient deficiencies helps assess the success of the tree-soil match and identify any necessary adjustments.

Understanding these research findings on tree-soil compatibility is beneficial. It helps you make informed planting decisions about what trees to plant in which soil environments. That, in turn, promotes the tree’s health and longevity. Plus, it contributes to healthy ecosystems, among other things. Put simply, making the best tree soil match possible is a win-win for you and the tree you plant.