Blog

New England is America’s second-most urbanized area, with more than 80% of its people living in cities. While cities provide New England residents with many benefits, they also experience higher-than-average temperatures and more intense heat extremes. A 2020 study, for example, showed that average temperatures in Providence’s less-vegetated neighborhoods could be more than 12 degrees hotter than well-vegetated areas like the city’s East Side. The increase is likely the result of the urban heat island effect (UHI).

Climate change often worsens the UHI effect, creating hot spots in cities lacking sufficient tree canopy density. As global temperatures rise because of climate change, a city’s baseline temperature increases, intensifying the already elevated conditions. Climate change also increases the frequency of heat waves, further intensifying the effect. Trees, however, are a natural solution to mitigating UHI. They help combat UHI by increasing a city’s canopy density, creating a cooler, more comfortable environment.

Factors Impacting the UHI Effect

Cities often become hotter than surrounding rural areas due to replacing natural land cover with heat-absorbing surfaces like pavement and buildings. These surfaces soak up solar radiation and release it as heat during the day, raising urban temperatures. Other factors influencing UHI include reduced vegetation/green spaces, city traffic, air conditioning, tall buildings, and narrow streets.

These factors can have profound effects on cities and urban residents, including:

• Increased energy consumption
• Elevated air pollution levels
• Higher heat-related illnesses
• Increased respiratory issues
• Decreased quality of life
• Increased infrastructure risk
• Increased ground-level ozone (smog)

UHI impacts those with the least access to financial resources and those dealing with additional health conditions more than other groups. For instance, seniors, children, and those with per-existing conditions are more susceptible to heat-related illnesses. It also impacts poorer communities, often with less green space and more heat-absorbing surfaces.

Keep in mind that average temperatures in some areas, however, vary from year to year. Even within a city, temperatures vary depending on proximity to the coast, green spaces, and the urban heat island effect. Plus, the Northeast can be pretty humid in the summer. Meanwhile, climate change isn’t helping.

Combating Urban Heating Island Effect

Combining UHI starts with having sufficient tree canopy—the layer of leaves, branches, and stems of trees covering the ground when viewed from above. It provides various cooling mechanisms that help reduce UHI, including evapotranspiration. This process triggers water uptake by roots and releases it through leaves, cooling the surrounding air and lowering ambient temperatures. A sufficient tree canopy also blocks solar radiation, reduces the heat absorbed by surfaces, alters wind patterns to provide cooling breezes, and reduces the surface temperature of pavements and roofs, among other things.

Tree canopy is a crucial component of urban planning. Some cities, however, lack sufficient canopy density. Tree canopy density in Warwick, Pawtucket, and Cranston, for instance, ranges from about 20% to 30%. Providence’s is more than 27%, with 3,221 acres of land and more than 415,000 trees. What’s the ideal canopy density? In the past, it was thought that 40% was the ideal goal density. Today, sufficient tree canopy depends on the context. What’s ideal for a desert city will differ from that of a city in a forested region.

Strategic Steps in Confronting UHI

The combined effects of UHI and climate change generate more intense heat waves and higher average temperatures in cities, boosting health risks and increasing energy consumption. As in Providence, increased investment in urban forestry initiatives is a key strategy for creating more resilient and sustainable cities in the face of climate change. Below are some steps cities can take to combat UHI.

• Species selection—Choose tree species that adapt well to the urban environment (e.g., drought-tolerant and pollution-resistant). Selecting tree species with large canopies and high evapotranspiration rates is critical. Key species include white oak, red maple, river birch, Gingko biloba, American hornbeam, Sweetbay magnolia, and Serviceberry.

• Tree Placement and Planting Design—This step requires strategic planting near buildings, streets, and other heat-generating surfaces. The goal is to create “urban forests” or green corridors to maximize cooling benefits.

• Urban Forest Management—Proper tree care, including watering, pruning, and pest management, ensures tree health and longevity. Community involvement in urban forestry initiatives also helps. See RI Tree’s website for more information on tree care.

The Urban Heat Island effect is a real challenge for some cities. Climate change isn’t making things any easier for these cities. Now is a good time to start thinking about combating these phenomena by increasing tree canopy. However, how much tree canopy you’ll need depends on where you live. Don’t focus on a specific percentage for tree canopy. Instead, assess your city’s needs, set realistic goals, focus on equitable tree distribution, and prioritize tree health.

Understanding the UHI effect, however, can lessen its impact on urban residents and the surrounding environment. Mitigating UHI is crucial for creating more sustainable and comfortable cities. Strategies like planting trees, using reflective materials, and designing buildings for better ventilation can help combat this growing problem.

For more information on how to boost tree canopy, feel free to contact one of our consultants at RI Tree.org.

Urbanization affects everything from air and water quality to biodiversity and ecosystem balance. These areas have higher levels of air pollution from vehicle emissions, particularly around main roads. They also use more resources like water and energy than rural areas. In short, urbanization greatly impacts the environment no matter where you live.

Trees can reduce an urban area’s ecological footprint. They are essential to a healthy urban ecosystem. A mature tree, for example, can absorb up to 48 pounds of carbon dioxide annually. Trees are a lifeline for wildlife, filter tons of air pollution, and cool the surrounding temperature several degrees. They can also block sunlight from reaching the ground, reduce heat absorption, and improve air circulation.

Below, we look at the ecological benefits trees provide in urban areas.

Benefits of Urban Forestry?

Urban forestry is the art and science of managing trees and other vegetation in urban environments for people and ecosystems. It’s about planning, planting, caring for, and maintaining trees in cities and towns to maximize their ecological, social, and economic benefits. Urban forestry aims to create sustainable and resilient urban forests that improve air and water providenceri.gov quality, reduce the urban heat island effect, increase biodiversity, and create healthier, more livable communities.

Urbanization’s environmental impacts vary greatly depending on city size, population density, and sustainable development. Industrial waste, sewage overflow, and stormwater runoff can pollute water bodies. Understanding these impacts is key to building sustainable, thriving cities and minimizing their ecological footprint. Trees can reduce an urban area’s ecological footprint and deliver significant environmental benefits while having minimal impact.

Here are some benefits of urban forestry in Rhode Island. Trees can:
• Cooling the surface temperature by several degrees reduces the “urban heat island effect” and lowers energy costs for cooling buildings.
• Release moisture into the air through transpiration and cool the surrounding environment.
• Aerate the soil, improve water infiltration, and prevent soil erosion with their roots.
• Provide habitat for birds, insects, and other wildlife, increasing biodiversity in urban areas.
• Beautify urban landscapes by making them more visually appealing and inviting.
• Reduce stress on residents and improve mental health and well-being.
These are just some things trees can do for people and the environment. A tree’s impact will vary depending on its species, size, and urban environment.
Mitigating the Urban Heat Island
The urban heat island effect occurs when cities are much warmer than surrounding rural areas. This temperature difference is due to the abundance of heat-absorbing surfaces like concrete and asphalt, the lack of vegetation for cooling, and the concentration of heat-generating activities in urban areas. Mitigating the urban heat island in a city like Providence is key to creating a more sustainable and livable city.
How do cities combat the urban heat island effect? They design urban areas with better ventilation, proper building orientation, and more green spaces, which can help cool urban areas. Planting trees, creating parks, and promoting green roofs can also help. While the impact of a single tree may seem small, the cumulative effect of many trees across an urban area can significantly mitigate the urban heat island effect and create a more comfortable and sustainable living environment.

Impact of Trees in Providence
Providence has some interesting tree stats. About 27% of the city is covered by tree canopy, which means 27% of the city is shaded when viewed from above. Providence has an estimated 415,000 trees, about 34.4 trees per acre. The most common tree species in Providence are Norway maple, northern red oak, and Honey locust.
Tree canopy cover is not evenly distributed across Providence. Wealthier neighborhoods like the East Side have much higher tree canopy cover (over 30% in some areas) than lower-income neighborhoods where canopy cover can be as low as 6%. Half of Providence’s trees are relatively young, almost 50% less than 6 inches in diameter. That means we must continue planting and maintaining trees to have a healthy and mature urban forest.
These stats show the importance of trees in Providence and the city’s challenges in maintaining and growing its urban forest. The uneven distribution of tree canopy means we need equitable tree planting initiatives so all residents can access the benefits of trees. You can find more info and reports on Providence’s tree canopy on the city’s website (providenceri.gov) and through the PVD Tree Plan (pvdtreeplan.org).
For more information on urban forestry or combatting the heat island effect, contact the experts at RI Tree (www.ritree.org).

The internet has revolutionized our lives, and tree care is no exception. With just a few clicks, you can tap helpful information on tree care, from detailed guides on tree selection and planting to interactive tools for identifying pests and diseases.

These online resources, with their unparalleled convenience and accessibility, put the power in your hands, equipping you with the knowledge and tools to make crucial decisions about tree care.

Proper tree care is a gateway to a multitude of benefits. It enhances tree health and increases property values, improves air quality, reduces energy costs, and enhances landscape aesthetics. Plus, it reduces noise pollution, improves mental well-being, prevents soil erosion, and boosts wildlife habitats.

While delivering proper tree care presents challenges, the rewards are undeniably worthwhile.
This article reviews the impact of technology on arboriculture and the myriad benefits of using tree care websites.

1. International Society of Arboriculture (ISA): This website is a comprehensive arborist resource with information on best practices, certifications, research, and industry news. It’s excellent for professionals seeking advanced knowledge and staying current with industry standards.
2. TreesAreGood.org: This site focuses on education and advocacy for tree benefits. It offers homeowners resources on tree selection, care, and urban forestry. It’s great for property owners who want to understand the value of trees and how to care for them properly.
3. The Morton Arboretum: This handy website offers in-depth information on tree identification, planting, care, and diseases, as well as a vast online plant database. It’s a valuable resource for homeowners and arborists seeking in-depth information on specific tree species.
4. Arbor Day Foundation: The foundation promotes tree planting and conservation, offering resources on tree care and environmental stewardship for homeowners, educators, and communities. It’s excellent for those interested in environmental impact and finding ways to contribute to tree conservation efforts.
5. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources: This site provides research-based information on a wide range of topics related to urban forestry, including tree selection, pest and disease management, and drought tolerance. It’s a significant source of scientific information for both homeowners and professionals.
6. National Arborist Association (NAA): This site focuses on arborists and offers resources on industry best practices, safety, and business management. It’s valuable for arborist professionals seeking resources specific to their business needs.
7. RI Tree Council: This site provides localized information on tree care, pest and disease management, and best practices for Rhode Island and New England. It offers the most relevant and up-to-date information for your local climate and environmental conditions.

New England Tree Care Resources

In addition to the resources described above, there are local resources that you can consult when you need guidance on tree care. They include the New England Chapter of the International Society of Arboriculture (NEC-ISA), which provides regional arborists resources, education, and networking opportunities. The Rhode Island Tree Council
is the local arborist association for this state.
Each New England state also has its own forestry or agriculture departments that offer resources and educational programs, including university extensions. These programs often provide local expertise on tree care, including pest and disease management, and may offer workshops or consultations. The University of Rhode Island (URI) is involved in tree care through education, research, extension programs, and community engagement.

Plus, there are the state forestry departments. These departments can provide information on tree species suitable for your region, invasive species, and forest health. The Rhode Island State Forestry Division is part of the state’s Department of Environmental Management.
Many local communities have arborist associations that can connect you with qualified professionals and provide information on local tree care issues.

This list of tree care resources isn’t exhaustive, and the ranking may vary depending on individual needs and priorities. But they are critical resources you can take advantage of when necessary. Also, let RI Tree know if you find valuable online resources providing helpful tree care information.

Rachel Carson’s “Silent Spring” is proof that books can change the world. Published in 1962, this classic alerted us to the dangers of pesticides, especially DDT. Carson’s thorough research on the harm DDT and other synthetic pesticides were doing to the environment and her emphasis on the interconnectedness of ecosystems make it a must-read for anyone who wants to make a difference with trees.

Carson makes a compelling case. Using science and facts, she shows that pesticides poison wildlife, contaminate food chains, and generate unforeseen consequences. She also argues for a more responsible and sustainable approach to environmental management and that the indiscriminate use of pesticides would create resistant pests that would require even more toxic chemicals.

The book changed the U.S. It sparked a national conversation, led to changes in DDT policy in the U.S., and inspired the modern environmental movement. But most importantly it brought attention to the dangers of pesticides. It was a powerful and influential book that challenged the idea of human dominance over nature and helped launch the environmental era.

Below are nine other books that have impacted society:

1. “The Hidden Life of Trees” by Peter Wohlleben: This book revolutionized public perception of trees, showcasing their complex social and emotional lives. It sparked a global interest in forest ecology and inspired a greater appreciation for the intricate workings of these vital organisms.
2. “The Nature and Properties of Soils” by N.M. Comber: Though not solely focused on trees, this book significantly advanced our understanding of soil science, a crucial factor in tree health and growth. Its impact on agricultural practices has indirectly benefited tree care and forest management.
3. “Arboriculture: Care of Trees, Shrubs, and Vines in the Landscape” by Michael Dirr: A foundational text in arboriculture, this book has educated generations of arborists and tree care professionals. Its comprehensive approach has significantly improved tree care practices worldwide.
4. “The Tree Expert” by John M. Harris: This classic text provides in-depth information on tree identification, physiology, pathology, and care practices. Its comprehensive information and practical advice make it an invaluable resource for both professional arborists and home gardeners, empowering them with the knowledge they need to care for trees effectively.
5. “The Nature of Oaks: The Rich Ecology of Our Most Essential Native Trees” by Douglas W. Tallamy: This book delves into the profound ecological significance of oak trees, highlighting their crucial role in supporting a diverse array of wildlife and their vital contributions to healthy ecosystems.
6. “The Urban Forest Ecosystem: A Guide to the Science and Practice of Urban Forestry” by Gary Moll: This book explores the ecological principles of urban forests and provides insights into the management and conservation of trees in urban environments.
7. “The Tree Climber’s Companion” by Jeff Jepson: This book is a valuable resource for arborists and tree climbers, covering essential skills and techniques for safely and efficiently working in trees, including climbing methods, rigging, and safety precautions.
8. “The Man Who Planted Trees” by Jean Giono: This fictional novella, though not a scientific treatise, has had a profound cultural impact. It inspired countless individuals to engage in reforestation efforts and fostered a deeper connection between humans and the natural world, including trees.
9. “The Overstory” by Richard Powers: This Pulitzer Prize-winning novel explores the interconnectedness of humans and trees through a powerful and moving narrative. It has brought renewed attention to the importance of forests and inspired a new generation of environmental advocates.
   This list offers a diverse selection of books to suit different interests and levels of expertise. Whether you’re a casual tree lover or a professional arborist, these books can deepen your understanding and appreciation of these magnificent organisms.

RI Tree Announces Site for Arbor Day 2025

RI Tree recently announced the date and site for its Arbor Day 2025 celebration, which will be held at the Providence Country Day (PCD) School, East Providence, RI, on April 25th, starting at 11:00 a.m. The event includes a tree-planting ceremony on PCD grounds, lunch, speakers, and a Tree City USA Awards presentation to the host communities. Tulips, London planes, and elm trees will also be planted on PCD’s grounds as part of a school reforestation effort.
This year’s celebration will be the state’s 138th. Arbor Day recognizes the importance of trees, which provide numerous benefits to residents, including purifying the air, helping cool the earth, boosting property values, and soothing the human psyche. Trees also beautify where we live, work, and play and slow and absorb stormwater, saving taxpayers millions of dollars in annual flood damage and treatment costs.
For more details or questions about this year’s Arbor Day, contact RITree at 401-764-5885 or email ritree@ritree.org.

Disposing of Christmas trees after the holiday is a challenge. Many pros and cons exist for buying a real tree. Growing Christmas trees, for example, absorbs atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is good for the planet. Real Christmas trees are also renewable when sourced from sustainable tree farms. Plus, real trees are biodegradable.

Real trees also can be composted or chipped for mulch, returning nutrients to the soil. What’s more, buying from local sources supports local businesses. If you have an artificial tree, it can be used for many years, reducing the need for repeated tree purchases. Plus, it avoids the waste associated with single-use trees.

But real Christmas trees have downsides. Transporting them from farms to stores creates a significant carbon footprint. Trucks and other vehicles that burn fossil fuels are required to deliver the trees. Cutting down trees at a tree farm also contributes to deforestation if they are not responsibly sourced.

If improperly disposed of in landfills, real trees can decompose and release methane, a potent greenhouse gas. If you favor artificial trees, disposing of them involves high energy consumption and using harmful chemicals. If made from plastic, they can be challenging to recycle and often end up in landfill.

Disposing of Christmas Trees Responsibly

Which approach is better? It all depends. Ultimately, the most environmentally conscious choice depends on individual circumstances and priorities. Ideally, you want to minimize your environmental impact by buying trees from reputable sources or buying sustainably produced artificial trees. Use your Christmas tree for as long as possible, and then dispose of your tree properly. Below are some tips on doing that.

Here are several options that involve giving your Christmas tree a new role:

• Use it as firewood —You can cut it up and use it as firewood. But the wood may still be wet, so use it only in an outdoor fire pit and only when the wood is dry. Using it indoors otherwise is a fire hazard.

• Recycle it as winter mulch—Leave the tree in your yard for the winter. It can provide much-needed shelter for small animals and birds. In the spring, chop it up and use it for mulch.

• Make it a bird feeder — Place it in its stand outdoors. Then, fill some bird feeders and hang them from the tree’s boughs. You can also drape the tree with a swag of pine cones coated with peanut butter.

• Protect plants with it — The winter is hard on tender plants. Cut a few branches or boughs from the tree and cover your tender plants for the winter. The branches will protect them from the season’s harshness.

• Add Christmas freshness to your home — Strip the tree’s pine needles and make a sachet of them. Then, hide them around the bathroom and kitchen for some cheerful fragrance.

Additional Tree Disposal Options

Many Rhode Island cities and towns offer curbside pickup during designated weeks in January. This option is easy, but check your local municipality’s website or sanitation department for pickup dates and guidelines. Providence, for instance, will collect trees on its regular trash pickup day in January. Check with the Department of Public Works for when the program starts and ends. The pickup period ran from January 3rd to 20th last year.

Remove everything from the tree before putting it out. The Rhode Island Resource Recovery Corporation (RIRRC) has an online guide with detailed information on when cities and towns pick up trees. You can also bring the trees directly to the Johnston facility. RIRRC grinds the trees and adds them to a composting operation that produces 40,000 tons annually.

Trees for Trout Program
Another popular option is to donate the tree to the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (DEM) Division of Fish and Wildlife for its Trees for Trout program. RI DEM partners with Trout Unlimited Rhode Island Chapter on this program, which uses donated trees to build fish habitats in rivers and streams. This effort restores the water bodies and gives trout and other aquatic animals a place to hide from predators.
The next collection event for the Trees for Trout program is on Saturday, January 4th, 2025, from 10 am to 2 pm at the Arcadia Check Station in Exeter, RI. You can find more information about the program on the DEM website or the Rhode Island Chapter of Trout Unlimited website.
Christmas is a great time of the year. But once it’s over, you must do something with your tree. If your municipality provides that service, you can always put it on the curb for trash pickup. But if that option doesn’t appeal to you, you can use the tree better by giving it another role. Use the tips above to make that happen.

It wasn’t easy, but you’ve picked the perfect tree for Christmas. Now, the challenge is to keep it fresh and beautiful throughout the holiday season. Doing that, however, is easier said than done. Some people use preservatives to keep their trees fresh. Preservatives have their pros and cons. Knowing those can help you make an informed decision about using Christmas tree preservatives.

Below, we discuss the pros and cons of using preservatives to keep your Christmas tree fresh and beautiful. We also provide seven additional tips on how to do that over the holiday season, emphasizing the significance of proper care in maintaining the beauty of your tree.
Tree preservatives have several pros for keeping your tree fresh:
• Reduced needle drop: By inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi in the tree stand water, preservatives can help prevent needle loss, keeping your tree looking fuller and greener longer.
• Improved water uptake: Some preservatives can help the tree absorb water more efficiently by lowering the water’s surface tension. This step helps ensure the tree stays hydrated and prevents it from drying out prematurely.
• Longer lifespan: Preservatives can help extend the overall life of your Christmas tree by combining the benefits of reduced needle drop and improved water uptake, allowing you to enjoy its festive presence for a longer period.
There’s no guarantee, for example, that preservatives will significantly extend the life of your tree, and they can add an extra cost to your Christmas tree budget. Also, some preservatives contain chemicals that could hurt the environment, which can be harmful if ingested by children or pets.
These chemicals can also leach into the soil and water, affecting local ecosystems. To mitigate this, always follow the instructions on the product label carefully and consider using eco-friendly alternatives. Some ingredients may cause skin irritation and harm the environment. So, check the label instructions on using the product.
Popular Christmas Tree Preservatives
Some popular tree preservatives include Miracle-Gro Christmas Tree Food, Pursell’s Christmas Tree Preservative, Bonide Christmas Tree Preservative, and EZ Gardener Christmas Tree Preservative. You can also use home remedies like aspirin or sugar as tree preservatives. Home remedies’ effectiveness can vary, but they’re among the safest approaches to keeping your tree fresh.
How effective are preservatives? Some studies on their effectiveness show mixed results. Some indicate that preservatives can slightly reduce needle drop and help the tree retain moisture. Others show minimal or no significant difference in needle retention between trees treated with preservatives and those without. When choosing a preservative, some factors include tree species, preservative type, and proper care.

Below, we discuss the pros and cons of using preservatives to keep your Christmas tree fresh and beautiful. We also provide seven additional tips on how to do that over the holiday season, emphasizing the significance of proper care in maintaining the beauty of your tree.

Tree preservatives have several pros for keeping your tree fresh:

• Reduced needle drop: By inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi in the tree stand water, preservatives can help prevent needle loss, keeping your tree looking fuller and greener longer.
• Improved water uptake: Some preservatives can help the tree absorb water more efficiently by lowering the water’s surface tension. This step helps ensure the tree stays hydrated and prevents it from drying out prematurely.
• Longer lifespan: Preservatives can help extend the overall life of your Christmas tree by combining the benefits of reduced needle drop and improved water uptake, allowing you to enjoy its festive presence for a longer period.

There’s no guarantee, for example, that preservatives will significantly extend the life of your tree, and they can add an extra cost to your Christmas tree budget. Also, some preservatives contain chemicals that could hurt the environment, which can be harmful if ingested by children or pets.

These chemicals can also leach into the soil and water, affecting local ecosystems. To mitigate this, always follow the instructions on the product label carefully and consider using eco-friendly alternatives. Some ingredients may cause skin irritation and harm the environment. So, check the label instructions on using the product.

Popular Christmas Tree Preservatives

Some popular tree preservatives include Miracle-Gro Christmas Tree Food, Pursell’s Christmas Tree Preservative, Bonide Christmas Tree Preservative, and EZ Gardener Christmas Tree Preservative. You can also use home remedies like aspirin or sugar as tree preservatives. Home remedies’ effectiveness can vary, but they’re among the safest approaches to keeping your tree fresh.

How effective are preservatives? Some studies on their effectiveness show mixed results. Some indicate that preservatives can slightly reduce needle drop and help the tree retain moisture. Others show minimal or no significant difference in needle retention between trees treated with preservatives and those without. When choosing a preservative, some factors include tree species, preservative type, and proper care.

Additional Tips on Keeping Your Tree Fresh

While preservatives may offer some benefits, they’re not a silver bullet. They won’t keep your tree fresh all by themselves. Here are seven other things you can do to keep your Christmas tree fresh:

1. Make a fresh cut: Before placing the tree in the stand, cut off about an inch from the base of the trunk. This step removes sap that has sealed off the pores, allowing the tree to absorb water more effectively.
2. Water immediately & regularly: Fill the stand with water when you bring the tree home. Check the water level daily and refill it as needed. Never let the water level drop below the base of the trunk.
3. Avoid heat sources: Keep the tree away from heat sources such as fireplaces, radiators, and heat vents. Direct sunlight can also dry out the tree.
4. Choose the right stand: Select a sturdy tree stand that can hold plenty of water. The stand should be large enough to accommodate the tree’s base and deep enough to hold at least 1 gallon of water for every inch of trunk diameter. Look for stands with a wide base for stability and a large water reservoir to reduce the frequency of refilling.
5. Increase humidity: Use a room humidifier to increase the moisture in the air, which can help prevent the tree from drying out.
6. Reduce stress: Avoid over-handling the tree. Gently guide branches into position and minimize bending and breaking.
7. Turn off lights: Turn off Christmas tree lights when you leave the house or go to bed to reduce heat stress on the tree.

These tips can help you keep your Christmas tree fresh and beautiful throughout the holiday. When the holidays are over, recycle your tree at a designated drop-off location. Many communities offer free tree recycling programs. Contact RI Tree if you have additional questions about keeping your tree fresh or recycling it.

There’s nothing like a real Christmas tree. Buying and decorating a real tree is a cherished holiday tradition passed down through generations for many families. Real Christmas trees emit a delightful pine scent that fills your home with the classic holiday aroma, adding to the holiday spirit. For those who had a real tree every year growing up, the sight and smell of one evokes nostalgia and great memories. Buying a real Christmas tree also supports local businesses and farmers, contributing to the local economy.

But for environmentally conscious people, choosing an eco-friendly Christmas tree is an option. For many people, making eco-friendly choices aligns with their values and beliefs. Eco-friendly trees offer numerous benefits, including reducing carbon emissions and your carbon footprint, conserving natural resources, and protecting wildlife habitats. Put another way, choosing an eco-friendly tree is a way to celebrate the holiday season responsibly and contribute to a more sustainable future.  

Here are six eco-friendly options for this Christmas season:

1. Live Potted Trees: Choose a small, potted tree that you can plant outdoors after the holidays. This sustainable option adds greenery to your home and supports local nurseries.
2. Artificial Trees: A high-quality artificial tree can be reused for many years, reducing waste from disposable trees. Look for trees made from recycled materials or eco-friendly plastics.
3. Recycled Trees: Some companies offer Christmas trees made from recycled materials, such as plastic bottles or cardboard. These trees are a unique and sustainable option.
4. Rented Trees: Renting a real Christmas tree is a great way to enjoy the beauty of a natural tree without contributing to deforestation. After the holidays, the tree is returned to the farm to be replanted.
5. Houseplants: Decorate a small houseplant, such as a Norfolk Island pine or a rosemary bush, with lights and ornaments for a festive, sustainable centerpiece.
6. Minimalist Trees: To reduce your environmental impact, look for a smaller tree or a tree with fewer decorations. Focus on quality over quantity and choose sustainable decorations.

Many eco-friendly options, like live trees and recycled artificial trees, can be easily recycled or composted. In some communities, recycling programs for real Christmas trees often support community projects and charities.

Tips on Picking a Real Christmas Tree

For those of you who must have a real Christmas Tree, we’ve provided nine tips on buying one. Keep the following tips in mind, and you’ll come home with the best tree for you and your family:

1. Measure the space first. Before going shopping, measure the area where you will put the tree. That way, you won’t buy a tree that’s too big or too small.
2. Look for a fresh tree. You want a tree with fresh green needles firmly attached to the tree and has a pleasant piney smell.
3. Shake the tree. If too many needles fall off, the tree is too dry to buy.
4. Bend the branches. They should be flexible yet firm. The branches shouldn’t snap easily, either.
5. Look for a tree with a strong central leader. It’s the main vertical branch that runs up the tree’s center. You want it to be straight and strong.
6. Inspect the trunk for damage. The trunk should be straight and free of cracks and splits.
7. Cut the bottom of the tree. Ask the salesperson to cut the bottom of the tree before you leave. Cutting the bottom helps the tree take up water.
8. Place the tree in a stand filled with water. Keep the water level constant while you have the tree, and check it daily.
9. Place the tree in a safe location. Keep it away from heat sources in your house, like fireplaces and radiators, to prevent it from drying out too soon.

Keep these tips in mind when buying your Christmas tree. They’ll help you find the perfect tree for you. Ultimately, the best tree is the one that you like the best.

Top Christmas Tree Farms

For places to buy a freshly cut Christmas tree, check out the Rhode Island Christmas Tree Growers Association (RICTGA). It is an association of growers and retailers interested in promoting the Christmas Tree Industry. It lists Christmas tree growers in Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Connecticut.

You can also visit retail stores like Home Depot, Walmart, and Target. They also sell Christmas trees and carry a wide selection of artificial ones in various sizes and styles, making them a convenient option for those who prefer a prelit or hassle-free tree.

Enjoy the holidays!

New England winters are often hard on trees. How well trees survive a winter depends on factors like geographic location, weather conditions, tree species, and tree health. Some tree species, for example, are more susceptible to winter damage than others.  Signs of winter damage include sunscald, winter desiccation, frost cracks, branch breakage, root damage, and pest and disease infestation. You can take steps now, however, to reduce these threats.

Winterizing trees protects them from extreme temperatures, wind damage, diseases, and pests. This protection, in turn, helps trees survive winter and supports recovery and stability. More importantly, it sets the stage for vigorous spring growth. The bottom line: Winterizing your trees helps ensure their short-term and long-term survival. Properly watering, pruning, and mulching are critical steps when winterizing trees.

Watering  

Water is essential for trees to survive, regardless of the season. A tree’s watering needs depend on the species, climate, and soil conditions. Deep watering is ideal. Aim to soak the soil deep enough to reach the root zone. That’s generally about 12-18 inches (30-46 cm) deep. Water slowly. You want the water to penetrate rather than runoff. Avoid over-watering.

How do you know when to water? Water young trees so you always keep the soil moist. Use a soil probe or your finer to check the moisture level. Water the tree if the top couple of inches of soil are dry. Gentle watering at this time can help thaw the soil and prevent root damage.) If the ground is frozen, watering ensures moisture in the soil.  Applying mulch enhances the watering process.

Mulching

Mulching is another critical winterizing activity. It protects the trees from extreme temperatures, conserves moisture, and suppresses weeds. Fall is an excellent time to mulch r. Doing so protects roots from winter’s cold and helps retain the soil’s moisture.

You can also mulch during the early spring, especially if the mulch has been washed away over the winter. How you apply the mulch is critical. Consider the tree species beforehand. Some species require more mulch than others.

Remove any weeds growing around the tree before applying mulch. Keep it away from the tree trunk, which can lead to rot. Spread the mulch evenly around the tree’s base. Also, check for pests as you spread the mulch, which can sometimes harbor pests like voles, ants, mice, slugs, and snails.

Pruning in the Winter

Winter is a great time to prune trees. Most deciduous trees, such as maples, oaks, and elms, can be pruned in the winter. It’s a good idea to prune trees with dormant buds. Pruning fruit trees in the winter also works. It can help to maintain their shape, increase fruit production, and rejuvenate older trees. Like pines and spruces, evergreens are another tree species you can prune in the winter. Prune these trees lightly. Heavy pruning can hurt a tree.

Here are some wintertime pruning tips:

• Don’t prune when it’s freezing.
• Remove dead or damaged wood.
• Thin out dense canopies.
• Shape the tree appropriately.

Think about a tree’s species when pruning. A tree’s pruning needs depend on its species, age, or overall health. Review our other pruning blog posts on this site.

New England winters can be brutal on trees. How well they survive depends on several factors, including their species. You can boost the chances of trees surviving the winter by winterizing them. Properly watering, mulching, and pruning trees can protect trees and help them combat the season’s threats. Use our guidelines to help winterize your trees. If you’re not clear on how to do that, talk with a local arborist or the experts at RITree for personalized advice on winter tree care for trees.

Beech trees are a keystone species in many ecosystems. Their fruit – the beechnut – is a food source for many animals, including squirrels, deer, birds, and bears. Their canopies shelter animals and provide nesting sites for birds. Their wood is solid and hard with a beautiful grain. Beeches are also famous for their fall foliage and smooth bark. Plus, they have some cultural significance. Ancient people used their bark as paper.

But beeches are under attack now from Beech Leaf Disease (BLD), a deadly disorder that threatens native American beeches and ornamental European beeches. Researchers first detected BLD in Ohio in 2012. It then spread to other states and Canada. It’s now in 12 U.S. states and several Canadian provinces. Researchers found BLD in CT in 2019 and RI and MA in 2020. BLD is especially deadly to young beech trees and the ecosystems they support.

What is Beech Leaf Disease?

Nematodes cause BLD. These microscopic worms (Litylenchus crenatae mccannii) spend the winter in beech buds and beech leaves and emerge in the spring, showing damage to the tree. Infected leaves have dark brown bands between leaf veins or are crinkled, smaller, and leathery than typical beech leaves. Symptoms are more noticeable on North American beeches than on European beeches.

Some beech buds won’t open on heavily infected trees. Severely damaged leaves will fall off soon after emerging in May. New leaves may appear in June in new buds and won’t show signs of the disease, but they will be paler and weaker than typical healthy leaves. Wind plays a big role in spreading the disease. So does the movement of infected plant material like firewood or nursery stock. BLD can spread fast in a forest

Impact of Beech Leaf Disease

Researchers are seeing beeches die within 6-12 years of infection. In Southern New England, beeches often die within a few years of infection. The disease’s effects on trees are critical. Like many tree diseases, BLD reduces photosynthesis and growth and increases susceptibility to other pests and diseases that can kill trees. BLD also causes loss of biodiversity and alteration of the forest ecosystem. Plus, it impacts the timber industry and tourism.

Researchers are working on management solutions for BLD. But there isn’t a cost-effective solution for forested environments yet. There are no effective fungicides for BLD, and treating large mature trees is difficult. Management options are limited but include the following:

• Early detection and removal of infected trees
• Development of resistant beech tree varieties
• Biological control agents
• Public awareness and education campaigns

In 2017, Ohio researchers had some success managing the disease by treating the soil around small beech trees (about 2-4 inches deep) with a phosphite product called PolyPhosphite 30. Phosphite products are known to stimulate a plant’s defenses.

The researchers treated the trees twice a month with the product about a month apart. The trees were much better after five years than the untreated control trees. They also found fewer nematodes on treated trees than on control trees. We hope to see similar results in New England.

How to Treat Beech Trees

Phosphite products for BLD are available to homeowners. Look for a product that is designed for BLD treatment. Agri-Fos and ProPhyt are good options for BLD. These products are in liquid form. Below are the seven steps to treating a BLD outbreak using a phosphite-based product and a soil drench approach:

1.     Measure the tree’s diameter at breast height—about 4.5 feet high

2.     Follow the product’s label instructions for dosage

3.     Mix the product with water according to the label

4.     Clear the area around the tree’s base of debris and leaf litter.

5.     Slowly pour the diluted phosphite solution into the soil.

6.     Let the solution soak into the root zone.

7.     Water the soil after application to help the solution penetrate deeper

Treat BLD in early spring before new growth begins. You may need to treat the area again later in the growing season. Depending on the disease’s severity and dosage instruction, you may need to treat the soil again.

You can also use a soil injection method to treat BLD. However, you need special equipment to inject phosphite into the soil around the root zone. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for injection depth and spacing.

If you still have questions about BLD or its treatment, contact an arborist or RITree.  

Tree growth is a complex process. It involves factors that can impact a tree’s size, shape, and health. It also involves seed germination, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, water transport, root development, genetics, soil quality, and competition. Understanding how these factors work together can help you boost tree growth and help you grow robust, healthy trees with long lifespans.

Managing tree growth effectively delivers numerous benefits. Well-managed trees shade us in the summer, conserve energy, cut maintenance costs, and reduce noise pollution—all while capturing and storing carbon dioxide and improving air quality. Manage growth also boosts a tree’s lifespan, enhances its appearance, and optimizes growth. Plus, it protects people and the environment.

But managing tree growth can be challenging. Below, we discuss several key factors that dramatically impact tree growth and provide proven tips on managing it effectively.

Brief Overview of Primary Tree Growth

Trees go through two growth periods—primary growth and secondary growth. Primary growth provides the tree’s structure and determines a tree’s height and overall shape. It occurs at the tips of the tree’s roots and shoots, an area known as the plant’s apical meristems. Cells in this area quickly divide and produce new cells. They then elongate, causing the root or shoot to lengthen.

Other cells in this area become specialized tissues like the xylem, which transports water. Then there are those cells that turn into the tree’s phloem, which transports nutrients. Meanwhile, the root system expands to anchor the tree, and the shoot system grows upward to capture sunlight for photosynthesis. These activities prepare the tree for its secondary growth period.

Secondary Tree Growth Boosts Girth

Secondary growth occurs in woody plants. It produces new wood and bark, increasing the plant’s girth or diameter. Secondary growth is primarily due to two types of meristematic tissues: the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. The vascular cambium produces xylem cells towards the inside, forming annual growth rings.
The vascular cambium produces phloem cells towards the outside, which become part of the inner bark. The cork cambium, meanwhile, produces cork cells, forming the outer bark, which protects the tree. Over time, the tree’s trunk and branches become thicker and more robust as secondary growth occurs.
Other processes that occur during secondary growth include:

• Photosynthesis
• Nutrient uptake
• Water transport
• Leaf growth
• Branching
• Root development
These processes are all interconnected. Genetics, environmental conditions, and competition also influence tree growth.

Tips on Managing Tree Growth Rate

While you can’t alter a tree’s growth rate much, you can still influence growth to some extent through proper tree care. Here are some activities that can help you promote healthy tree growth:

• Make sure the tree receives sufficient sunlight, water, and nutrients
• Provide the right type and amount of fertilizer based on soil tests
• Prune dead, diseased, or crossing branches to improve light penetration and air circulation while the tree grows
• Protect the tree from pests and diseases, which will prevent growth setbacks

Here are some factors that slow growth:
• Reduce watering, especially during dormant periods.
• Prune lightly. Heavy pruning can temporarily slow growth, so avoiding excessive pruning is essential.
• Carefully pruning roots can restrict nutrient and water uptake. However, this is a complex technique best left to professionals.
• Some chemical growth regulators can be used, but their application requires expertise and caution.
• Always consider the tree’s health and species-specific needs when managing a tree’s growth rate. Excessive manipulation can harm the tree.
Managing tree growth takes time and patience but pays off in the long run. Managed growth benefits you, the tree, and the environment. So, take this task seriously, regardless of the species of tree you have. If you need help managing the growth of one of your trees, don’t hesitate to contact RI Tree. Its experts can help you create a plan for your tree to boost its health and growth.